Politeness Theory By Brown&Levinson (1987)

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POLITNESS THEORY BY BROWN &LEVINSON

Politeness has been studied in a variety of cultures for many years, Penelope Brown and Stephen Levinson's politeness theory has become very influential.[4] In 1987, Brown and Levinson proposed that politeness was a universal concept,[5] which has had some disagreement within academia.[6][7] Politeness is the expression of the speakers' intention to mitigate face threats carried by certain face threatening acts toward the listener.[6] Another definition is "a battery of social skills whose goal is to ensure everyone feels affirmed in a social interaction".[1] Therefore, being polite can be an attempt for the speaker to save their own face or the face of who he or she is talking to.

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DEFINITION SEMANTICS

Assalamu'alaikum 

According to Leech (1989:IX) Semantics is central to the study of communication; and as communication becomes more and more crucial factor in social organization, the need to  understand it becomes more and more pressing. Semantics is also at the centre of the study of the himan mind-thought process, cognition and conceptualization. So, in Semantics we study how to regulate language and express meaning. For the example "Coffe Break" its mean stop work temporarily but that does not mean just drinking coffee but can drink tea and eat some snacks.

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ONOMATOPOEIA

HELLO DEAR..

THIS IS VIDEO ABOUT ONOMATOPOEIA.. 

HAPPY WATCHING YEAH :)

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SYNTAX

Assalamualaikum My Beloved Friend..

Welcome to my blog:)

Today i will share to you all about "SYNTAX in Linguistics". Lets start..

Syntax is the part of linguistics that studies the structure and formation of sentences. It explains how words and phrases are arranged to form correct sentences. A sentence could make no sense and still be correct from the syntax point of view as long as words are in their appropriate spots and agree with each other. 

Subject/predicate: All sentences are about something or someone. The something or someone that the sentence is about is called the subject of the sentence. In the following sentences the subjects are shown in blue. Note how the subject is often, but not always, the first thing in the sentence.

• John often comes late to class.
• My friend and I both have a dog named Spot.
• Many parts of the Asian coastline were destroyed by a tsunami in 2004.
• The old hotel at the end of the street is going to be knocked down to make way for a new supermarket

The predicate contains information about the someone or something that is the subject. The example sentences above are shown again, this time with the predicate marked in green.

• John often comes late to class.
  My friend and I both have a dog named Spot.
• Many parts of the Asian coastline were destroyed by a tsunami in 2004.
• The old hotel at the end of the street is going to be knocked down to make way for a new supermarket.

Simple subject/predicate: As you can see from the example sentences above both the subject and the predicate can consist of many words. The simple subject is the main word in the subject, and the simple predicate is the mainword in the predicate. The simple subject is always a noun/pronoun and the simple predicate is always a verb. 

In the following sentences the simple subject is shown in blue and the simple predicate is shown in green.

• My English teacher speaks a little Russian.
• The young girl with the long black hair fell from her bike yesterday in heavy rain.
• At the back of the line in the cafeteria yesterday was a large brown dog with a yellow collar around its neck!

Okay, this is enough about SYNTAX. See you and Bye-bye..

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Essay of Bullying

SAY NO TO BULLYING!

Intimidation is a better known in the world as bullying. Bullying is a behavior that will a negative impact on the victim. It cannot be denied that the negative effects caused by bullying  are so great from the victims. Most victims of bullying experience negative effects such as depression, they will often be alone or have difficulty socializing with other people, and worst of all the can result in suicide victims.

First of all, victims who are continually ridiculed and pressured from their friends will suffer stress. Someone who becomes a victim of intimidation has a 1,5 times greater chance of depression compared to someone who has not experienced intimidation (Marela et al., 2017). A person who experiences stress for a long time and feels that nothing can be done will experiences helplessness. They feel trapped and cannot avoid negative results (Nolen-Hoeksema., 2008). The stress experienced by victims of bullying can encourage them to hurt themselves, usually it happens because of feelings of insecurity or feeling of low self-esteem. This kind of stress arises from the results of physical, mental and emotional oppression.

In addition, bullying has a great influence on the victims’ social interaction, this can hinder the process of self-development in victims of bullying. Someone who continues to get stressed and ridiculed from bullying will be afraid to socialize and interact with others. So, they will be more alone because they feel that no one around them can be trusted (Boulton et al., 1992). Social interaction is very influential in one's life, because someone who has the ability to interact well is be able to socialize and get along well in their environment.

Finally, someone who has become a victim of bullying can end their life in suicide. Unlike a wounds that can be cured quickly, such damage is final. For victims of bullying who are considering suicide, it can be difficult to change their attitudes and thoughts. An example of suicide that occurred in an elementary schoo, in Ohio. A student died hanging himself using a tie because he was a victim of bullying (Zakiyah et al., 2017). According to the source the student was beaten by his friends and they pushed him to the floor using their knees and hands. That is what caused the student to be frustrated and want to end his life.

So, bullying is a behavior that is very detrimental to the victim. Whatever form of intimidation, it can greatly affect the victims of bullying. The effect of intimidation that is most dangerous is that it can eliminate the lives of innocent people. Someone who experiences bullying or someone who sees bullying must always talk and not be quiet because someone can be injured. Therefore awareness of bullying must be increased.  

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Question of final test

Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh.
Hello Guys,, I wanna show you about my assignment for final exam,this is my answer to my 5 lecturers' questions..

The first this is the question :)

And this is my answer..

So, Happy reading guys..
Thankyou..

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